Bob Pybus

Technical Support Team Leader

Over the years we have been asked all sorts of questions from customers on the intricacies of the advanced Swiss Type machining technique. I have summarised below some of the most frequently asked questions that I am asked on a regular basis...

Introduction:

Swiss type machining, also known as sliding head lathe machining, is a precision manufacturing technique that offers exceptional accuracy and efficiency. It has gained significant popularity in the industry due to its ability to produce complex and high-precision components. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the fundamentals, benefits, applications, and key considerations of Swiss type machining, providing valuable insights for both seasoned professionals and those new to this advanced machining method.

What are Swiss/Sliding Head Type Machines?

CNC Sliding Head Lathes, also commonly known as Swiss Auto lathes, were first designed for producing precision watch parts and other mill-turn components within exceptionally close geometric tolerances.
As a modern type of machine tool controlled by computer numerical programming, sliding head machinery is capable of performing machining operations with extreme accuracy.
Sliding head lathes allow the workpiece to move in the Z-axis while the tool remains stationary. This is unlike traditional lathes where the workpiece remains in position while the tools move around it. The benefit of this is increased precision and reduced process time.

Swiss type machines, or sliding head lathes, are advanced CNC turning machines used for precise and intricate component manufacturing. Unlike traditional fixed head lathes, where the workpiece rotates and the tool moves, sliding head lathes hold the workpiece stationary while the tool moves with multiple axes of motion. This setup enables simultaneous machining of multiple features, resulting in high-quality and complex parts production. Sliding head lathes require specialized tooling to optimise performance and achieve the desired machining results.

Advantages of Swiss Type Machining and Sliding Head Lathes

Reduced Cycle Times:

A significant benefit of sliding head technology is the reduction in cycle times compared to other technologies such as fixed head machining. The cutting tools in a sliding head machine are positioned very close to the workpiece which reduces non-cutting 'idle' time, while the sub-spindle allows operations to be overlapped to further reduce cycle time.

One Hit Machining:

The flexibility of sliding head machines typically enables components to be produced in one-hit which removes the need for additional operations, while the quick set-up time makes short runs easy and efficient.
With one-hit machining, a Swiss-type machine can perform a range of operations simultaneously or sequentially in one continuous operation. This includes turning, milling, drilling, cross-drilling, threading, and more. By combining multiple operations in a single setup, one-hit machining reduces the number of operations, setups, and tool changes required, resulting in significant time and cost savings.
One-hit machining offers several advantages. It improves overall productivity and reduces cycle times by eliminating the need for multiple setups and transfers between machines. It also ensures high precision and dimensional accuracy as the workpiece remains securely clamped during all operations, minimising the possibility of errors. Additionally, one-hit machining allows for complex geometries and features to be achieved in a single operation, enabling the production of intricate and sophisticated parts.

Lights Out Machining:

Star machines also have the capability to operate unattended overnight "lights-out" which significantly reduces process times and cost per part. In lights out machining, the Swiss-type machine is set up with a program that controls all the operations and tool changes, allowing it to run for extended periods, including overnight or during non-operating hours. This approach maximises machine utilisation, increases productivity, and reduces labour costs.
To enable lights out machining, factors such as tool life management, part ejection, chip management, and machine monitoring systems are crucial. By implementing lights out machining in Swiss-type machining, manufacturers can achieve higher efficiency, improve production throughput, and optimise resource utilisation.

High Precision:

High precision is a critical aspect of Swiss-type machining, which is renowned for its ability to produce small, intricate, and precision parts. Swiss-type machines excel in achieving tight tolerances and maintaining exceptional dimensional accuracy. Several factors contribute to the high precision in Swiss-type machining. First, the machine design incorporates rigid structures, robust spindle systems, and precise linear motion mechanisms to minimize vibrations and ensure stability during machining.
Second, the close proximity of the cutting tool to the workpiece, aided by the guide bushing, offers excellent support and control, resulting in precise machining operations. Additionally, Swiss-type machines often feature advanced control systems and servo-driven axes, allowing for accurate positioning and precise tool movements. The use of high-quality cutting tools, tool holders, and tool measuring systems further enhances the precision.

Increased Efficiency:

Sliding head lathes offer enhanced efficiency by performing multiple operations simultaneously. This capability reduces cycle times, increases productivity, and results in cost savings for manufacturers.

Superior Surface Finish:

Sliding head lathes are known for their ability to achieve excellent surface finishes. The fixed guide bushing supports the workpiece, minimizing vibrations and improving the overall surface quality.

Extended Tool Reach:

Sliding head lathes provide longer tool reach compared to fixed head lathes. This allows for machining deep and complex features without the need for additional setups or operations.

Applications of Swiss Type Machining

The versatility of sliding head manufacturing makes it ideal for a broad range of industries, including but not limited to: Aerospace, Automotive, Electrical connectors, Electronics, Medical, Motorsport / F1, Nuclear and Oil & gas.

Medical and Dental: Producing implants, surgical instruments, dental components, and other intricate medical devices.
Watchmaking and Jewellery: Creating precision components for timepieces and intricate jewellery designs.
Electronics: Manufacturing connectors, contacts, and miniature components for electronic devices.
Automotive: Producing precision parts like fuel injectors, connectors, and sensors.
Aerospace: Machining complex components for aircraft and spacecraft, including engine parts and landing gear components.

Tips for using Swiss Type Machines / Sliding Head Lathes

There are many things to consider using/or deciding to invest in a sliding head lathe, here are some of the factors to prepare for:

Design for Manufacturability: Optimize component designs for Swiss type machining, considering factors such as material selection, part size, and feature complexity.
Tooling and Setup: Select appropriate tool holders, including collets, guide bushings, and specialized cutting tools. Proper machine setup and alignment are critical for optimal   performance.
Programming and Simulation: Utilize CAM software to generate efficient toolpaths and simulate machining operations to identify any potential issues or interferences.
Quality Control: Implement stringent quality control measures to ensure adherence to tight tolerances and specifications. Regular inspection and measurement are essential.
Training and Expertise: Swiss type machining requires specialized knowledge and skills. Invest in training programs for operators and programmers to maximize efficiency and
minimize errors.

Best Tools for Swiss Type Machines / Sliding Head Lathes

Swiss tools are multifunctional systems designed for small part machining and sliding head lathes. To meet the unique requirements of sliding head lathes, various dedicated tooling options are available, including:

Simturn K2

Simturn K2 system which is ideal for sliding head lathes and small fixed head lathes. This multifunctional system covers a wide range of applications such as Grooving, Profiling, Turning, Threading and Parting Off. Tool holders are available in smaller sizes for swiss type machining from 10-16mm. Click here to view the Simturn K2 system.


Korloy’s Auto Tool

Korloy's Auto Tool is designed for applications where size & precision matters, with holder shank sizes from just 10mm and inserts from 1mm. Groove, part off, back turn and thread with 1 tool holder - just change the insert.

These tools include carbide inserts, end mills, drills, and turning tools, among others, all crafted with precision and durability in mind. With Korloy's auto tools, mechanics and technicians can achieve precise cuts, improve productivity, and maintain the highest standards of quality in automotive repairs and manufacturing. Click here to view Korloy's Auto Tool.


Simturn AX

Cutwel also provides the 1st choice for micro-machining with high precision & performance. Simturn AX combines high precision and versatility without compromise. With inserts available for boring, profiling, grooving, threading, chamfering and face grooving.

The system has the widest choice of tools in the market. The system is completed with a range of high-performance holders from standard sleeves to specifically designed holders for different machine tools such as sliding head lathes or multitasking mill-turn machines. Click here to view the Simturn AX system.


Zero Offset Tools

Additionally, we would recommend Cutwel's Zero Offset tools, where operators can achieve precise tool positioning and alignment, ensuring consistent and accurate machining results. By reducing setup time and optimising machining processes, Cutwel's Zero Offset tools contribute to increased productivity and improved overall machining performance.

Whether in milling, turning, or drilling applications, these tools offer a convenient and reliable solution for achieving precise machining operations and obtaining high-quality finished parts. Click here to view the Zero Offset tools.


WTO Tool Holders

WTO Tool Holders are widely recognized and respected in the machining industry for their exceptional quality and precision. As a leading manufacturer of tool holders, WTO offers a diverse range of solutions to meet the needs of various machining applications. Whether it's turning, milling, drilling, or tapping, WTO Tool Holders are designed to hold securely and accurately cutting tools in place, ensuring optimal performance and productivity.

With features such as quick-change systems, high clamping forces, and excellent runout accuracy, WTO Tool Holders provide machinists with the confidence and efficiency needed to achieve precise and repeatable results. For more detailed information about WTO Tool Holders, don’t hesitate to contact our team for any inquiries or assistance you may need. We are dedicated to assisting you in finding the right tool holder solution for your specific machining requirements.

Conclusion

Swiss type machining, or sliding head lathe machining, offers unmatched precision, efficiency, and versatility for the production of complex, high-precision components. By understanding the fundamentals, benefits, applications, and key considerations of this advanced machining technique, manufacturers can harness its capabilities to deliver exceptional results. Whether you are in the medical, automotive, electronics, or aerospace industry, Swiss type machining can revolutionize your manufacturing processes and elevate your product quality to new heights.

For more information on sliding head type machining, please contact our technical team at 01924 869 615 or email salescutwel.net. We are here to provide you with the details and assistance you need.

The Simturn K2 system is ideal for sliding head lathes or small fixed head lathes.

Korloy's Auto Tool is designed for applications where size & precision matters.

The Simturn AX system is a 1st choice for micro-machining with high precision & performance.